Pope 795 – 816

Pope Leo III

Worth knowing

Bishop of Rome from 795 to 816. He crowned Charlemagne emperor on Christmas Day 800.
When Charlemagne's churchmen pressed him to add the Filioque ("and the Son") to the creed, he agreed with the doctrine but refused to change the creed's words.
He had the creed engraved without the addition, in Greek and Latin, on two silver shields in Rome.

In Scholar’s Dream, Pope Leo III has one book

The Silver ShieldsThe Creed of 381, engraved in Greek and Latin at the order of Pope Leo III (c. 810)Theology ProperBible

Words Pope Leo III’s books borrow from others

Moves these books can learn whose quotation comes from somebody else. The citation on each one names who actually said it.

“…the Filioque was added without the knowledge and against the teaching of the East by churches (in Spain and France) which had nothing to do with the original production.”
Schaff, History of the Christian Church IV §108 (1885), public domain, stating the Greek reply. Leo III’s shields are recorded in the Liber Pontificalis.public domain

How it works in the game: the move The Silver Shields

BibleArgument · power 92 · 100% accurate

In the gameA pope who believed the doctrine refused to put it in the Creed, because he did not think the office reached that far. He had the older words cut in silver so nobody could argue about what they had been.

Learned byThe Silver Shields (Lv 1)

Strong against

×3The Bull of 1054a book · why?

A pope who believed the doctrine still would not touch the Creed. The office in whose name this was written did not always think it reached this far.

“For in him we live, and move, and have our being. As some of your own poets have said.”
Acts 17:28 (WEB) — Paul at the Areopagus, quoting the Athenians’ own poets back to them.

How it works in the game: the move Affirm

Status

In the gamePick the part of the opponent’s case that is true and affirm it. That point can no longer be used against you, and the opponent’s Defend falls sharply. It deals no damage. Affirm something false and you have only agreed with an error.

Learned byThe Silver Shields (Lv 13)

“The Greeks approach the Latins by the admission that the Spirit proceeds from the Father through the Son (this was the doctrine of Cyril of Alexandria and John of Damascus)…”
Schaff, History of the Christian Church IV §108 (1885), public domain.public domain

How it works in the game: the move Through the Son

Theology ProperArgument · power 84 · 100% accurate

In the gameThe formula through the Son was written down before the Filioque quarrel began, and it has been offered at every attempt to end it, at Ferrara in 1439 and at Bonn in 1875. It has not healed the split, but it is still there to use.

Learned byThe Silver Shields (Lv 24)

“Photius would tolerate no superior, Nicolas no equal.”
Philip Schaff, History of the Christian Church IV §70 (1885), public domain.public domain

How it works in the game: the move No Superior, No Equal

HistoryArgument · power 76 · 100% accurate

In the gameNine words that hold the whole quarrel. Schaff wrote them about the ninth century and they fit the eleventh without a syllable changed.

Learned byThe Silver Shields (Lv 28)

Who else was alive

Pope Leo III against everyone else in the game.

A.D. 450A.D. 700A.D. 950A.D. 1200A.D. 1450A.D. 1700A.D. 1950

Boethius Boniface John of Damascus Daniel of Winchester Timothy I Alcuin of York Pope Leo III Eulogius of Córdoba Paul Alvaro of Córdoba Rimbert Humbert of Silva Candida Michael Cerularius Peter III of Antioch Anselm of Canterbury Ari Thorgilsson Ebo and Herbord Thomas Aquinas John Wyclif Lorenzo Valla Girolamo Savonarola Pope Paul III Martin Luther Miles Coverdale William Tyndale Emperor Charles V John Calvin Teresa of Ávila John Jewel The Council of Trent The English exiles at Geneva Hugo Grotius René Descartes John Owen Blaise Pascal John Bunyan Louis XIV of France Pierre Bayle Joseph Butler Jonathan Edwards Thomas Reid George Campbell William Paley John Henry Newman J. C. Ryle Friedrich Nietzsche James Orr B. B. Warfield Herman Bavinck W. R. Sorley James Denney J. Gresham Machen

Solid bar = firm dates · faded = approximate51 authors sit outside this window